Orchestration of Federated Risk for P2P Lending Platforms: A Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) Approach

Saravanan Muthaiyah, Lan Thi Phuong Nguyen, Yap Voon Choong, Thein Oak Kyaw Zaw

Abstract


Federated risk management in the context of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) lending should be a collaborative approach with multiple autonomous entities (i.e. agent systems) working together to assess, monitor, and mitigate risks. Orchestration of these agents is crucial in facilitating risk evaluation, surveillance, and mitigation tactics. By employing Multi-Agent Systems (MAS), the orchestration of risk, regulatory compliance, and stakeholders' interests are better protected. The framework of federated risk management in P2P lending aims to address challenges and risks inherent in decentralized platforms. In recent years, the P2P lending industry has experienced significant growth, attracting both borrowers and investors seeking an alternative financial system. However, this growth has exposed the industry to various risks, including credit risk, fraud, and information asymmetry. As a result, the need for a robust risk management framework has become increasingly critical. In this paper, we delve into the role of intelligent agents and their protocol for collaborative dynamics that uses the portfolio's return (Rp) and the risk-free rate (Rf), divided by the standard deviation of the portfolio's excess return (σp) for various investment portfolios. Our framework allows MAS to analyze data from diverse sources, default rates, payback history, and portfolio risks to propose adaptive strategies for risk mitigation.

 

Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2024-05-04-06

Full Text: PDF


Keywords


P2P Lending; Multi Agent Systems (MAS); Risk Free Rate; Portfolio Excess Return.

References


Chen, D., Chen, G., Ding, J., Jiang, S., & Shen, J. (2011). Antecedents of initial trust in the online peer-to-peer lending marketplace. 8th International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management - Proceedings of ICSSSM’11, Tianjin, China. doi:10.1109/ICSSSM.2011.5959503.

Chen, X. hong, Jin, F. jing, Zhang, Q., & Yang, L. (2016). Are investors rational or perceptual in P2P lending? Information Systems and E-Business Management, 14(4), 921–944. doi:10.1007/s10257-016-0305-z.

Shi, X., Wu, J., & Hollingsworth, J. (2019). How does P2P lending platform reputation affect lenders’ decision in China? International Journal of Bank Marketing, 37(7), 1566–1589. doi:10.1108/IJBM-11-2018-0309.

Rosavina, M., Rahadi, R. A., Kitri, M. L., Nuraeni, S., & Mayangsari, L. (2019). P2P lending adoption by SMEs in Indonesia. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 11(2), 260–279. doi:10.1108/QRFM-09-2018-0103.

Nemoto, N., Huang, B., & Storey, D. J. (2019). Optimal Regulation of P2P Lending for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises. SSRN Electronic Journal, ADBI Working Paper 912, 1-17. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3313999.

Xian, X.A. (2021). Budget-2022-boosts-peer-to-peer-financing-p2p-industry. CapBay, Chicago, United States. Available online: https://capbay.com/budget-2022-boosts-peer-to-peer-financing-p2p-industry/ (accessed on November 2024)

Chen, X., Chong, Z., Giudici, P., & Huang, B. (2020). Networking with Peers: Evidence from A P2P Lending Platform. ADBI Working Paper Series. ADBI Working Paper Series, No. 1080, Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI), Tokyo, Japan.

Lim, J. L. (2020). Guide To P2P Lending In Malaysia (2020). iMoney Learning Centre, iMoney Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Available online: https://www.imoney.my/articles/p2p-lending-guide (accessed on November 2024)

Kim, J., Bae, H., & Ivanov, R. (2024). The Rise of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Lending in Developing Economies. Journal of International Financial Management, 14(2), 1–22.

Zhang, D., Xu, L., & Wang, C. (2024). The Impact of P2P Platforms on Traditional Intermediaries. Research in Business Applications, 10(1), 12–28.

Nguyen, L. T. P., Kalabeke, W., Muthaiyah, S., Cheng, M. Y., Hui, K. J., & Mohamed, H. (2022). P2P lending platforms in Malaysia: What do we know? F1000Research, 10, 1088. doi:10.12688/f1000research.73410.3.

Muthaiyah, S. (2019). Blockchain for audit provenance and trust: push factors, Value creation and challenges. International Journal of Auditing and Accounting Studies, 1(1), 13-25.

Gai, K., Qiu, M., & Sun, X. (2018). A survey on FinTech. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 103, 262–273. doi:10.1016/j.jnca.2017.10.011.

Khan, M. T. I., & Xuan, Y. Y. (2022). Drivers of lending decision in peer-to-peer lending in Malaysia. Review of Behavioral Finance, 14(3), 379-393. doi:10.1108/RBF-08-2020-0200.

Harel, D., & Naamad, A. (1996). The STATEMATE Semantics of Statecharts. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology, 5(4), 293–333. doi:10.1145/235321.235322.

Muthaiyah, S., Anbananthen, K. S. M., & Phuong Lan, N. T. (2021). Orchestration of autonomous trusted third-party banking. F1000Research, 10, 899. doi:10.12688/f1000research.72987.1.

Khan, S., Shah, M., & Younas, A. Building Trust in P2P Platforms: A Reputation Management Framework. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 14(4), 521–538.

Sandhu, R., Ferraiolo, D., & Kuhn, R. (2000). The NIST model for role-based access control. Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Workshop on Role-Based Access Control, 47–63. doi:10.1145/344287.344301.

Oliveira Tavares, F., Gomes Almeida, L., & Nascimento Cunha, M. (2019). Financial Literacy: Study of a University Students Sample. International Journal of Environmental & Science Education, 14(1), 1–12.

Liu, H., Qiao, H., Wang, S., & Li, Y. (2019). Platform Competition in Peer-to-Peer Lending Considering Risk Control Ability. European Journal of Operational Research, 274(1), 280–290. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2018.09.024.

He, Q., & Li, X. (2021). The failure of Chinese peer-to-peer lending platforms: Finance and politics. Journal of Corporate Finance, 66, 101852. doi:10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2020.101852.

Dammag, H., & Nissanke, N. (2003). A Mathematical Framework for Safecharts. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 2885, 620–640. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-39893-6_35.

Muthaiyah, S. (2006). Propagation and delegation of rights in access controls and risk assessment techniques. Web Services Security and E-Business, 328–337. doi:10.4018/978-1-59904-168-1.ch018.

Banerjee, A., Srinivasan, S., & Pontellini, J. (2023). Decentralized Finance (DeFi) and the Future of P2P Payments. McKinsey Quarterly, 1–10.

Rossi, C., Colombo, T., & Lehmann, A. (2024). The Regulatory Landscape for P2P Platforms: A Global Perspective. Journal of International Commercial Law and Regulation, 25(1), 18–45.

World Government Bonds. (2023). 10 Years Bond - Historical Data. World Government Bonds. Available online: http://www.worldgovernmentbonds.com/bond-historical-data/denmark/10-years/ (accessed on November 2024).


Full Text: PDF

DOI: 10.28991/HIJ-2024-05-04-06

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Saravanan Muthaiyah, Nguyen Thi Phuong Lan, Yap Voon Choong, Thein Oak Kyaw Zaw